Gardens and habitats are dynamic ecosystems that can inspire a host of questions and investigations. When school gardeners make a commitment to use ecologically benign — or organic — techniques, they open even more doors for learning important lessons about the natural world and its stewardship.

Simply put, organic gardeners do not use synthetic fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, and so on. But, it's what they do that really counts. They see gardens as living, regenerating systems that begin with healthy soil, use nutrients recycled from plants and other organic materials, and feature a diversity of plants and animal life. By encouraging beneficial interactions that help plants thrive and keep "problems" in check, organic gardeners work in harmony with nature to create resilient systems.

When youngsters explore how to maintain plant and soil vitality and what makes our gardens and plants attractive to (or able to resist) pests and diseases, they develop a deeper understanding of the complex interactions among plants, insects and other creatures, weather, soil conditions, and human horticultural practices.

The following classroom stories, articles, Web sites, and other resources suggest ways of helping students investigate garden ecosystems and sustainable growing practices. This includes exploring the living and nonliving parts of soil, decomposers' abilities to turn once-living materials into a rich nutrient source, and "benign" pest- and weed-control strategies. Read on for inspiration and advice.